Emotional symptoms, dietary patterns and dental caries: A cross-sectional study in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the relationship between emotional symptoms and dental caries in adolescents and the role of dietary patterns as mediating variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a multistage stratified random sample of schools, in Jiangsu, with a sample of 17,997 adolescents aged 11-19. Measures included emotional symptoms, dental caries, toothbrushing frequency, and dietary patterns. Logistic and Poisson regression models were conducted to test mediation hypotheses. RESULTS: The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT) was related to depressive symptoms following adjustment for other variables (incidence rate ratios [IRR] = 1.09; p < 0.05), but not to anxiety symptoms level (IRR = 1.02; p > 0.05). The link between depressive symptoms and DMFT had a partial mediation impact on toothbrushing frequency (a, b, c' all p < 0.05). Sugary foods, but not fried foods, partially mediated the link between depressive symptoms and caries when toothbrushing frequency was adjusted. CONCLUSION: There are direct and indirect associations between emotional symptoms and caries; the latter may be due to changes in oral health behaviours that increase the risk of caries.

Artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis of hematologic diseases based on bone marrow smears using deep neural networks.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The morphological examination of bone marrow (BM) cells is essential in both diagnosing and treating various hematologic diseases. However, it is still done manually with a heavy workload. An artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis support system of BM cells is highly required to reduce the workloads of examiners and improve the reproducibility of the results. METHODS: In this paper, we proposed an artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis support system of morphological examination based on bone marrow smears including cells detection, classification and prediction of leukemia types. For cell detection, we trained the novel YOLOX-s model to locate cells precisely and obtain single cell images. For cell classification, we regarded it as a fine- grained classification task and proposed a novel architecture called MLFL-Net utilizing multi-level features. Furthermore, we predicted the leukemia types on a dataset including 40 normal people (BM transplantation donors) and 40 patients of different kinds of acute leukemia according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. RESULTS: We constructed a large-scale data set of 11,788 fully-annotated micrographs from 728 smears and 131,300 expert-annotated single cell images. With the data set, the detection model achieved 0.9797 AUC and 4.33% box placement error. For cell classification, the total accuracy of our proposed MLFL-Net reached 89.53% which outperformed all the other related models in identifying cell categories. In the meantime, we took acute leukemia as an example to explore the leukemia types prediction procedure of hematological disease. It generated the same diagnostic prediction as the experts gave for 92.5 percent of the cohort. CONCLUSION: This Artificial Intelligence-assisted system can be implemented to aid in clinical decision making and accelerate diagnosis. The method will contribute to promote the intelligence and modernization of BM cytomorphology, which has vital significance of the development of the medical career.

Relationship between family structures and adolescents mental health and health associated behaviors / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the associations of family structure with adolescent mental health and health associated behaviors, to support interventions to decrease the occurrence of psychological problems and adverse health associated behaviors among adolescents in families without two parents.@*Methods@#The multi stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 18 700 adolescents of the 13 districts and cities from Jiangsu Province for a questionnaire survey on mental health and health associated behaviors, to compare differences in mental health and health associated behaviors among adolescents with different family structures.@*Results@#Among the adolescents, 82.1% had two parent families, 8.6% had single mother families, 4.0% had single father families, and 5.3 % had families with both parents absent. After controlling for age, urban/rural areas, gender, academic period and region, Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that compared with adolescents from two parent families, the incidence of depression, social anxiety and bullying on campus of adolescents with single mother families increased significantly( OR=1.31, 1.15, 1.36，P ＜0.05). Compared with adolescents in two parent families, adolescents in families without two parents had significantly more types of health risk behaviors, and those in single mother families had significantly less frequent intake of a healthful diet( OR =0.81), significantly more smoking( OR =1.20), drinking behaviors( OR =1.22), and significantly less moderate intensity physical activity ( OR =0.84) and shorter duration of sleep( OR =0.87)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Psychological and health associated problems were significantly higher among adolescents in families without two parents than in those with two parent families. Psychological problems and adverse health associated behaviors were particularly prominent among adolescents in single mother families.

Relationship between myopia and frequency of high energy food intake among adolescents in Nantong / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the incidence of juvenile myopia and associated factors in Nantong, to analyze the relationship between food intake and juvenile myopia, so as to provide a reference for preventing and controlling myopia of adolescents.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 13 schools in Nantong. A total of 3 437 students were selected for health monitoring and questionnaire survey, and the students sociodemographic characteristics and diet related information were collected.@*Results@#The prevalence of myopia was 73.4%( n =2 522). The myopia rate of urban teenagers(74.1%) was higher than that in suburbs(72.4%), and the myopia rate of urban girls (78.2%)was higher than that of suburban girls(73.6%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of high energy food intake and myopia among urban adolescents ( OR =1.50, P <0.01). After adjusting for covariates, e.g. age, parental myopia, participation in extracurricular classes, outdoor inter class activities, the frequency of high energy food intake was significantly positively associated with myopia ( OR =1.29, P =0.03). Frequency of high energy food intake was significantly positively correlated with myopia of suburban adolescents ( OR =1.35, P =0.02). The association disappeared after adjusting for above ment ioned covariates ( P = 0.60 ).@*Conclusion@#There are differences in the main risk factors affecting the incidence of myopia between urban and suburban adolescents in Nantong. Parents, schools and the society should pay attention to adolescent myopia and high energy diet mode, pay attention to guide their reasonable eating habits, and prevent and control adolescent myopia from multiple angles.